Priority Contaminants in the Georgia Basin
Garrett, C. (Environment Canada). 2010. Recommendations for Actions to Address Priority Issues Relating to Toxic Substances in the Georgia Basin: Final Report of the BC Toxics Work Group for the Puget Sound/Georgia Basin International Task Force. BC Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC.
Health Canada. 2011. Consumer Product Safety Re-evaluation Note REV2011-01, Discontinuation of Endosulfan. February 8th, 2011.
Sources of Contaminants to the Georgia Basin
BC Ministry of Environment (BC MOE). 1999. Tackling Non-Point Source Water Pollution in British Columbia: An Action Plan. Report online at BC Ministry of Environment website.
Garrett, C. (Environment Canada). 2010. Recommendations for Actions to Address Priority Issues Relating to Toxic Substances in the Georgia Basin: Final Report of the BC Toxics Work Group for the Puget Sound/Georgia Basin International Task Force. BC Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC.
Shaw, P., Ross, P., Johannessen, S., MacDonald, Condon, C., and Gobas, F. 2007. (Poster) Understanding the Source and Fate of PCBs and PBDEs in the Georgia Basin.
Impacts of Contaminants in the Georgia Basin
Bright, D.A. and Ellis, D.V. 1988. Imposex in Pacific coast neogastropods related to tributyltin contamination. J. Shellfish Res. Vol. 8: 318-319.
Bright, D.A. and Ellis, D.V. 1990. A comparative survey of imposex in northeast Pacific neogastropods (Prosobrachia) related to tributyltin contamination, and choice of a suitable bioindicator. Can. J. Zool. Vol. 68: 1915-1924.
Cullen,D.L., Jeffries, S.J., and Ross, P.S. 2005. Persistent organic pollutants in the diet of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) inhabiting Puget Sound, Washington (USA), and the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia (Canada): a food basket approach. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. Vol. 24(10): 2562-72.
Elliott, J.E, Wilson, L.K., Norstrom, R. and Harris, M.L. 2003. Chlorinated contaminants trends in indicator species, great blue herons and double-crested cormorants, in the Strait of Georgia, 1973-2000. In Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Basin/Puget Sound Research Conference, April 31st – May 3, 2003, Vancouver, BC.
Garrett, C. (Environment Canada). 2010. Recommendations for Actions to Address Priority Issues Relating to Toxic Substances in the Georgia Basin: Final Report of the BC Toxics Work Group for the Puget Sound/Georgia Basin International Task Force. BC Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC.
Garrett, C. and Ross, P.S. 2010. Recovering resident killer whales: a guide to contaminant sources, mitigation, and regulations in British Columbia. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2894. Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
Goyette, D., Brand, D., and Thomas, M. 1988. Prevalence of idiopathic liver lesions in Engish sole and epidermal abnormalities in flatfish from Vancouver Harbour, British Columbia, 1986. Environmental Protection Service, Environment Canada, Pacific and Yukon Region.
Harbo, R.M., and Birtwell, I.K. 1978a. Mercury contamination of some marine organisms from Howe Sound, British Columbia. Dept. of Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Tech. Report No. 763.
Harbo, R.M. and Birtwell, I.K. 1978b. Mercury content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound, British Columbia, May 1977 to April 1978. Dept. of Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, Data Report No. 63.
McDaniel, T.V., Martin, P.A., Struger, J., Sherry, J., Marvin, C.H., McMaster, M.E., Clarence, S., and Tetreault, G. 2008. Potential endocrine disruption of sexual development in free ranging male northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and green frogs (Rana clamitans) from areas of intensive row crop agriculture. Aquat. Toxicol. Vol. 88(4): 230-242.
Ross, P.S. 2006. Fireproof killer whales (Orcinus Orca)and the conservation imperative in the charismatic icon of British Columbia, Canada. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. Vol. 63: 224-234.
Ross, P.S., Jeffries, S.J., Yunker, M.B., Addison, R.F., Ikonomou, M.G., and Calambokidis, J.C. 2004. Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in British Columbia, Canada and Washington State, USA, reveal a combination of local and global polychlorinated biphenyl, dioxin and furan signals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. Vol. 23(1): 157-165.
Stehr, C.M., Myers, M.S., Johnson, L.L., Spencer, S., and Stein, J.E. 2003. Toxicopathic liver lesions in English sole and chemical contaminant exposure in Vancouver Harbour, Canada. Mar. Environ. Res. Vol. 57: 55-74.
Thompson, J.A.J. 1997. Organotin contamination and related imposex studies in southern BC coastal waters. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. Vol. 2163: 46-47.
Weech, S., Wilson, L.K., Scheuhammer, A.M., and Elliott, J.E. 2003. Mercury residues in livers of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) found dead or dying in British Columbia, Canada (1987-94). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. Vol 45(4): 562-569.
Wilson, L.K., Elliott, J.E. and Whitehead, P.E. 1996. Chlorinated compounds in wildlife from the Fraser River Basin. Environment Canada. Fraser River Action Plan Report DOE FRAP 1996-09.
Wilson, L.K., Harris, M., and Elliott, J.E. 1999. Impact of agricultural pesticides on birds of prey in the Lower Fraser Valley, p. 101-108. In C. Gray and T. Tuominen (eds.), Health of the Fraser River Aquatic Ecosystem: A Synthesis of Research Conducted under the Fraser River Action Plan. Environment Canada. BC DOE FRAP 1998-11.
Issues and Concerns in the Georgia Basin
Addison, R.F. and P.S. Ross. 2000. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in British Columbia harbour seals and killer whales. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Research Document 2000/171. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa.
Burlinson, N.E. 1991. Organochlorine compounds in marine mammals from the Strait of Georgia. BC Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks.
Cullon, D.L., S.J. Jeffries, and P.S. Ross. 2005. Persistent organic pollutants in the diet of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) inhabiting Puget Sound, Washington (USA), and the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia (Canada): a food basket approach. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. Vol. 24(10): 2562-2572.
Elliott, J.E. 2011. Dioxins, wildlife and the forest industry in British Columbia, Canada. In Wildlife Ecotoxicology, Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology (Chapter 2) Vol. 3: 11-43.
Elliott, J.E., Guertin, D.A. and Balkec, J.M.E. 2008. Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in feces of river otters from the southern Pacific coast of Canada, 1998–2004. Sci. Total Environ. Vol. 397 : 58-71.
Elliott, J. and L. Wilson. 2003. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals in river otter (Lutra canadensis) scats and wild mink (Mustela vision) tissue from the coast of Brtish Columbia. In Proceedings of the Research and Monitoring Workshop – Preliminary Program Results and Recommendations for Future Work, Sponsored by the Georgia Basin Ecosystem Initiative Toxics Work Group, Vancouver, BC pg. 6.
Elliott, J.E., Wilson, L.K., Norstorm, R., and Harris, M.L. 2003a. Chlorinated contaminant trends in indicator species, great blue heron and double-crested cormorants, in the Strait of Georgia, 1973-2000. In Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Basin/Puget Sound Research Conference, April 31st – May 3rd, 2003. Vancouver, BC.
Hickie, B.E., P.S. Ross, Macdonald, R.W., and Ford, J.K.B. 2007. Killer whales (Orcinus orca) face protracted health risks associated with lifetime exposure to PCBs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41(18): 6613-6619.
Jarman, W.M., R.J. Norstrom, D.C.G. Muir, B. Rosenberg, M. Simon, and R.W. Baird. 1996. Levels of organochlorine compounds including PCDDs and PCDFs, in the blubber of cetaceans from the west coast of North America. Mar. Poll. Bull. 32(4): 426-436.
Rayne, S., M.G. Ikonomou, P.S. Ross, G.M. Elllis, and L.G. Barrett-Lennard. 2004. PBDEs, PBBs, and PCNs in three communities of free-ranging killer whales (Orcinus orca) from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38: 4294-4299.
Weech, S., Wilson, L.K., Scheuhammer, A.M., and Elliott, J.E. 2003. Mercury residues in livers of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) found dead or dying in British Columbia, Canada (1987-94). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. Vol. 45(4): 562-569.
Wilson, L.K., Elliott, J.E., and Whitehead, P.E. 1996. Chlorinated compounds in wildlife from the Fraser River Basin. Environment Canada. Fraser River Action Plan Report DOE FRAP 1996-09.
Wilson, L.K., Harris, M. and Elliott, J.E. 1999. Impact of agricultural pesticides on birds of prey in the Lower Fraser Valley, p. 101 – 108. In C. Gray and T. Tuominen (eds.), Health of the Fraser River Aquatic Ecosystem: A Synthesis of Research Conducted under the Fraser River Action Plan. Environment Canada. BC DOE FRAP 1998-11.